Abram's Righteousness Through His Belief In Yahweh

Genesis 15:1-6 reads,

15:1After these things the word of Yahweh came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Don’t be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your exceedingly great reward."

15:2Abram said, "Lord Yahweh, what will you give me, seeing I go childless, and he who will inherit my estate is Eliezer of Damascus?" 15:3Abram said, "Behold, to me you have given no seed: and, behold, one born in my house is my heir."

15:4Behold, the word of Yahweh came to him, saying, "This man will not be your heir, but he who will come forth out of your own body will be your heir." 15:5Yahweh brought him outside, and said, "Look now toward the sky, and count the stars, if you are able to count them." He said to Abram, "So shall your seed be." 15:6He believed in Yahweh; and he reckoned it to him for righteousness.

15:6 notes that Abram believed Yahweh's word to him, and Yahweh reckoned as righteousness Abram's belief of Yahweh's word. It is therefore righteousness to believe Yahweh's word.

Belief Stems From The Heart

It should also be noted that belief stems from the heart. Seeing that belief stems from the heart, and it is righteousness for one to believe Yahweh's word, the heart of one who believes Yahweh's word is righteous.

Jacob's Belief Based On Physical Evidence

Genesis 45:25-28 reads,

45:25They went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan, to Jacob their father. 45:26They told him, saying, "Joseph is still alive, and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt." His heart fainted, for he didn’t believe them. 45:27They told him all the words of Joseph, which he had said to them. When he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob, their father, revived. 45:28Israel said, "It is enough. Joseph my son is still alive. I will go and see him before I die."

Jacob initially did not believe the truth of his son Joseph's existence. He had to see physical evidence pointing to his existence before he so believed. And when he saw these physical evidences he believed.

It should therefore be noted that human beings sometimes need to see physical evidences of particular things before they believe matters associated with those things.

Why Jacob Found It Hard To Believe His Sons

It should also be noted that it was not easy for Jacob to believe his sons in this matter, for it was his sons who many years prior to this time who reported to him that Joseph was dead. Their latter word was therefore contradicting their former word, and also the apparent situation that prevailed from the time of their first report until this time. Jacob therefore needed to see contrary evidence that disproved the situation that appeared to have existed over several years prior to believing the new report.

It therefore appears that in difficult situations humans must indeed be accorded evidence before they believe a particular thing.

The Voice Of Signs

Exodus 4:1-9 reads,

4:1Moses answered, "But, behold, they will not believe me, nor listen to my voice; for they will say, ‘Yahweh has not appeared to you.’"

4:2Yahweh said to him, "What is that in your hand?"

He said, "A rod."

4:3He said, "Throw it on the ground."

He threw it on the ground, and it became a snake; and Moses ran away from it.

4:4Yahweh said to Moses, "Put forth your hand, and take it by the tail."

He put forth his hand, and laid hold of it, and it became a rod in his hand.

4:5"That they may believe that Yahweh, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you." 4:6Yahweh said furthermore to him, "Now put your hand inside your cloak."

He put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, as white as snow.

4:7He said, "Put your hand inside your cloak again."

He put his hand inside his cloak again, and when he took it out of his cloak, behold, it had turned again as his other flesh.

4:8"It will happen, if they will neither believe you nor listen to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. 4:9It will happen, if they will not believe even these two signs, neither listen to your voice, that you shall take of the water of the river, and pour it on the dry land. The water which you take out of the river will become blood on the dry land."

4:1 shows that Moses understood that human beings do not easily believe difficult matters, such as Yahweh appearing to one.

In response to Moses' words Yahweh gave him three signs to perform for the purpose of persuading the people that Yahweh had indeed appeared to Moses. In other words, Yahweh concurred with Moses that human beings do not generally believe difficult matters, especially a matter such as Yahweh has appeared to one.

4:8 notes that there are various ways of communicating to human beings, including a person speaking to them and also signs speaking to them. In other words, when signs are performed before people it is for the purpose of communicating a message to those people.

In this case the message that was being communicated to the people was Yahweh had appeared to Moses. Moses was to speak this message to the people. He was then to support this message by performing the signs that Yahweh had given him to perform. The signs therefore supported or lent credence to the message that the messenger brought.

The People Believed Yahweh After Seeing His Signs

Exodus 4:27-31 reads,

4:27Yahweh said to Aaron, "Go into the wilderness to meet Moses."

He went, and met him on God’s mountain, and kissed him. 4:28Moses told Aaron all the words of Yahweh with which he had sent him, and all the signs with which he had charged him. 4:29Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel. 4:30Aaron spoke all the words which Yahweh had spoken to Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people. 4:31The people believed, and when they heard that Yahweh had visited the children of Israel, and that he had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshiped.

When Aaron spoke to the people Yahweh's words, and performed in the sight of the people the signs that Yahweh charged Moses with, the people believed Yahweh's words. The signs had therefore succeeded in their given purpose, to facilitate the people believing Yahweh's words through his servants that he had sent to them.

Yahweh Supplements Difficult To Believe Messages With Signs

It therefore appears that when Yahweh has a message to people that is difficult to believe he supports that message with signs done in their sight, that they may believe his message to them.

People Attach Undue Credence To Signs

If human beings find it difficult to believe any difficult matter except that matter be accompanied by signs, then it appears that they attach greater credence to the signs that are performed than to the messenger bearing the matter. It therefore appears that anyone who can perform unusual signs can by those signs cause people to believe whatever it is that he would want them to believe, whether the thing is true or not! It therefore also appears that just because signs accompany a particular message or matter does not automatically mean that the thing is true, for signs can be used to cause one to believe anything!

How Can One Ascertain The Veracity Of A Matter?

Then if one cannot rely on signs to ascertain the veracity of a matter, how may one ascertain its veracity? Is there a foolproof way of determining the veracity of a matter?

The People Feared Yahweh After Seeing His Great Work

Exodus 14:21-31 reads,

14:21Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and Yahweh caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. 14:22The children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left. 14:23The Egyptians pursued, and went in after them into the midst of the sea: all of Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. 14:24It happened in the morning watch, that Yahweh looked out on the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of cloud, and confused the Egyptian army. 14:25He took off their chariot wheels, and they drove them heavily; so that the Egyptians said, "Let’s flee from the face of Israel, for Yahweh fights for them against the Egyptians!"

14:26Yahweh said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may come again on the Egyptians, on their chariots, and on their horsemen." 14:27Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it. Yahweh overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. 14:28The waters returned, and covered the chariots and the horsemen, even all Pharaoh’s army that went in after them into the sea. There remained not so much as one of them. 14:29But the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left. 14:30Thus Yahweh saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 14:31Israel saw the great work which Yahweh did to the Egyptians, and the people feared Yahweh; and they believed in Yahweh, and in his servant Moses.

Yahweh used his signs or great works to cause the people to fear him. Also, as a result of performing these signs and works of his, performing them by his servant Moses, Yahweh caused the people to believe in him, and also in his servant Moses.

Yahweh Uses Signs To Facilitate Belief In Him And In His Servants

In other words, Yahweh uses signs to cause people to believe in him and also in his servants that he uses to perform the various signs that he does. By signs people know that Yahweh is the Almighty. By signs people know that those Yahweh uses to perform the signs are his servants.

Yahweh Used Signs To Facilitate The People Believing In Moses Forever

Exodus 19:9 reads,

19:9Yahweh said to Moses, "Behold, I come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever." Moses told the words of the people to Yahweh.

A purpose for Yahweh coming to the people in a thick cloud was for causing them to believe Moses forever. For when they would hear Yahweh speaking to Moses they would indeed believe that Moses' subsequent words to them were Yahweh's words. For they would have witnessed for themselves Yahweh communicating with Moses.

Yahweh Uses Signs To Exalt His Servants

It therefore appears that when Yahweh wants to exalt a particular servant of his among a given group of people he undertakes particular actions or signs that result in the people holding that servant of his in the esteem that they should.

The People Disbelieved Yahweh Despite Witnessing Several Of His Signs

Numbers 14:1-38 reads,

14:1All the congregation lifted up their voice, and cried; and the people wept that night. 14:2All the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron: and the whole congregation said to them, Would that we had died in the land of Egypt! Or would that we had died in this wilderness! 14:3Why does Yahweh bring us to this land, to fall by the sword? Our wives and our little ones will be a prey: wouldn’t it be better for us to return into Egypt? 14:4They said one to another, Let us make a captain, and let us return into Egypt.

14:5Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly of the congregation of the children of Israel. 14:6Joshua the son of Nun and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, who were of those who spied out the land, tore their clothes: 14:7and they spoke to all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, The land, which we passed through to spy it out, is an exceeding good land. 14:8If Yahweh delight in us, then he will bring us into this land, and give it to us; a land which flows with milk and honey. 14:9Only don’t rebel against Yahweh, neither fear the people of the land; for they are bread for us: their defense is removed from over them, and Yahweh is with us: don’t fear them. 14:10But all the congregation bade stone them with stones.

The glory of Yahweh appeared in the tent of meeting to all the children of Israel. 14:11Yahweh said to Moses, How long will this people despise me? And how long will they not believe in me, for all the signs which I have worked among them? 14:12I will strike them with the pestilence, and disinherit them, and will make of you a nation greater and mightier than they.

14:13Moses said to Yahweh, Then the Egyptians will hear it; for you brought up this people in your might from among them; 14:14and they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. They have heard that you Yahweh are in the midst of this people; for you Yahweh are seen face to face, and your cloud stands over them, and you go before them, in a pillar of cloud by day, and in a pillar of fire by night. 14:15Now if you shall kill this people as one man, then the nations which have heard the fame of you will speak, saying, 14:16Because Yahweh was not able to bring this people into the land which he swore to them, therefore he has slain them in the wilderness. 14:17Now please let the power of the Lord be great, according as you have spoken, saying, 14:18Yahweh is slow to anger, and abundant in lovingkindness, forgiving iniquity and disobedience; and that will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and on the fourth generation. 14:19Pardon, Please, the iniquity of this people according to the greatness of your lovingkindness, and according as you have forgiven this people, from Egypt even until now.

14:20Yahweh said, I have pardoned according to your word: 14:21but in very deed, as I live, and as all the earth shall be filled with the glory of Yahweh; 14:22because all those men who have seen my glory, and my signs, which I worked in Egypt and in the wilderness, yet have tempted me these ten times, and have not listened to my voice; 14:23surely they shall not see the land which I swore to their fathers, neither shall any of those who despised me see it: 14:24but my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him, and has followed me fully, him will I bring into the land into which he went; and his seed shall possess it. 14:25Now the Amalekite and the Canaanite dwell in the valley: tomorrow turn you, and get you into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea.

14:26Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying, 14:27How long shall I bear with this evil congregation, that murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel, which they murmur against me. 14:28Tell them, As I live, says Yahweh, surely as you have spoken in my ears, so will I do to you: 14:29your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness; and all who were numbered of you, according to your whole number, from twenty years old and upward, who have murmured against me, 14:30surely you shall not come into the land, concerning which I swore that I would make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. 14:31But your little ones, that you said should be a prey, them will I bring in, and they shall know the land which you have rejected. 14:32But as for you, your dead bodies shall fall in this wilderness. 14:33Your children shall be wanderers in the wilderness forty years, and shall bear your prostitution, until your dead bodies be consumed in the wilderness. 14:34After the number of the days in which you spied out the land, even forty days, for every day a year, shall you bear your iniquities, even forty years, and you shall know my alienation. 14:35I, Yahweh, have spoken, surely this will I do to all this evil congregation, who are gathered together against me: in this wilderness they shall be consumed, and there they shall die.

14:36The men, whom Moses sent to spy out the land, who returned, and made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up an evil report against the land, 14:37even those men who did bring up an evil report of the land, died by the plague before Yahweh. 14:38But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, remained alive of those men who went to spy out the land.

Why Yahweh Works Signs Among A People

14:11 clarifies a reason why Yahweh worked various signs among the children of Israel. It was for the purpose of the children of Israel holding Yahweh in great honour and also believing in Yahweh. It should therefore be clear that a reason why Yahweh works signs among a people is for those people to hold him in great honour and also to believe in him.

How The Israelites Despised And Disbelieved Yahweh

How did the Israelites despise Yahweh and disbelieve him?

They did not believe Yahweh in that he would bring them into the land that he had promised to bring them into, the land flowing with milk and honey.

The Israelites Were Evil For Not Believing Yahweh

Earlier on it was observed that an ancestor of the children of Israel, Abraham, to whom the very same promises of possessing the land flowing with milk and honey were given, believed Yahweh. And Yahweh reckoned Abraham's belief of his words as righteousness. Seeing that the children of Israel disbelieved Yahweh, evil was reckoned to them. Their hearts were evil, in that they did not believe Yahweh's words to them.

Why The Israelites Did Not Believe Yahweh

Why did the Israelites not believe Yahweh?

Numbers 13:25-33 reads,

13:25They returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days. 13:26They went and came to Moses, and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word to them, and to all the congregation, and showed them the fruit of the land. 13:27They told him, and said, We came to the land where you sent us; and surely it flows with milk and honey; and this is the fruit of it. 13:28However the people who dwell in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified, and very great: and moreover we saw the children of Anak there. 13:29Amalek dwells in the land of the South: and the Hittite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, dwell in the hill-country; and the Canaanite dwells by the sea, and along by the side of the Jordan. 13:30Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, Let us go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it. 13:31But the men who went up with him said, We aren’t able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we. 13:32They brought up an evil report of the land which they had spied out to the children of Israel, saying, The land, through which we have gone to spy it out, is a land that eats up the inhabitants of it; and all the people who we saw in it are men of great stature. 13:33There we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come of the Nephilim: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.

The Israelites Listened To The Contrary Voice Of The Signs That They Had Seen

The children of Israel looked to signs, and believed the voice of the signs they looked to. For the signs that they looked to were the strength of the people of the land, the fortifications of its cities and the great stature of the inhabitants of the land. In other words, as 13:32 shows, the voice that these signs spoke to the people was the children of Israel were unable to go up against the inhabitants of the land, for the inhabitants of the land were stronger than the children of Israel.

The Israelites Forgot Their Deliverance From Egypt

It should be noted that the children of Israel forgot their circumstances when they were in Egypt. For the signs of the Egyptians also spoke to them with the very same voice, that the Israelites were unable to go up against the Egyptians, for the Egyptians were stronger than the Israelites. Nevertheless, despite the Egyptians being stronger than the Israelites, Yahweh performed many mighty works and signs and delivered Israel from the clutches of the Egyptians. Likewise, had the children of Israel trusted in Yahweh, remembering Yahweh's works for them in relation to the Egyptians, they would not have listened to the voice of the signs of the land that they had spied out, the land flowing with milk and honey.

Different Signs Speak In Different Voices

It should therefore be evident that there are different signs speaking in different voices, communicating different messages. We are not to listen to the voices of signs that are not in harmony with Yahweh's word to us. We are only to listen to Yahweh's word, and to the voices of signs in harmony with Yahweh's word.

It Is Evil To Listen To Signs Contrary To Yahweh's Word

It should also be noted that when we listen to signs out of harmony with Yahweh's word, and thereby disbelieve Yahweh, our hearts are evil. For all who disbelieve Yahweh are evil and have evil hearts. Therefore, to avoid being evil, we must listen only to Yahweh's word and ignore all else that is not in harmony with Yahweh's word.

Not All Israelites Disbelieved Yahweh

It should be noted that not all of the children of Israel disbelieved Yahweh. For 13:30 shows Caleb's confidence, how he believed, irrespective of the voice of the signs of the land flowing with milk and honey, that the Israelites were capable of overcoming the challenges that lay before them.

Why Caleb And Joshua Did Not Listen To The Contrary Voice Of The Signs That They Saw

14:6-9 explains why Caleb and Joshua were confident that Israel could overcome the nations inhabiting the land flowing with milk and honey. They relied on Yahweh fulfilling his word for Israel, provided Israel delighted Yahweh. And that meant Israel faithfully obeying Yahweh's word to them, and not listening to the voice of the signs of the land flowing with milk and honey, a voice that caused the Israelites to fear that land's inhabitants if listened to.

How Did Caleb And Joshua Avoid Listening To The Contrary Voice Of The Signs That They Saw?

How were Caleb and Joshua able to retain their faith and belief in Yahweh, while most of the children of Israel were not able to do the same? How were Caleb and Joshua able to shut their ears from listening to the voice of the signs of the land flowing with milk and honey, while most of the children of Israel were not able to do the same?

Caleb And Joshua Had A Different Spirit In Them

14:24 and 14:31 shows that Caleb and Joshua had a spirit in them that was different from that in the majority of the children of Israel. And the spirit in Caleb and Joshua facilitated their following Yahweh fully, without disbelief or rebellion.

Seeing that Caleb and Joshua believed Yahweh, and followed him fully, it is understood that they were righteous. And seeing that belief stems from the heart, it is understood that their hearts were righteous. And seeing that their righteousness is attributed to the different spirit that was in them, a spirit that was not in the majority of the children of Israel, it is understood that this spirit that was in them was a righteous spirit. The spirit in the majority of the children of Israel was one of rebellion, disbelief and prostitution (14:33). It is therefore understood that Caleb and Joshua had the Spirit of Yahweh dwelling in them, while the majority of the children of Israel did not have Yahweh's Spirit dwelling in them, having instead an evil spirit.

Disbelieving Yahweh's Word Brings About Death To The Unbeliever

It should be noted from the penalties that Yahweh inflicted upon the errant spies, and pronounced upon the majority of the children of Israel, that disbelieving Yahweh's words brings about the death of the unbeliever. If we are to live we must believe Yahweh's word, and follow him fully. But if we do not believe Yahweh's word, choosing instead to believe other voices, thereby causing us not to follow Yahweh fully, we die. It is therefore imperative that those who desire to live must believe Yahweh and follow him fully.

Moses And Aaron Disbelieved Yahweh

Numbers 20:1-13 reads,

20:1The children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there. 20:2There was no water for the congregation: and they assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron.

20:3The people strove with Moses, and spoke, saying, Would that we had died when our brothers died before Yahweh! 20:4Why have you brought the assembly of Yahweh into this wilderness, that we should die there, we and our animals? 20:5Why have you made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in to this evil place? It is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.

20:6Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the door of the tent of meeting, and fell on their faces: and the glory of Yahweh appeared to them. 20:7Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, 20:8Take the rod, and assemble the congregation, you, and Aaron your brother, and speak you to the rock before their eyes, that it give forth its water; and you shall bring forth to them water out of the rock; so you shall give the congregation and their cattle drink. 20:9Moses took the rod from before Yahweh, as he commanded him.

20:10Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, Hear now, you rebels; shall we bring you forth water out of this rock? 20:11Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his rod twice: and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.

20:12Yahweh said to Moses and Aaron, Because you didn’t believe in me, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the land which I have given them. 20:13These are the waters of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with Yahweh, and he was sanctified in them.

How Moses And Aaron Disbelieved Yahweh

20:12 notes that Moses and Aaron did not believe in Yahweh, to sanctify him in the eyes of the children of Israel. In other words, they failed to set apart Yahweh as holy in the eyes of the children of Israel.

In Numbers 13 and 14, when the Israelites previously rebelled against Yahweh when the spies to the land flowing with milk and honey gave their evil report, Yahweh pronounced a good judgement on Caleb and Joshua's behalf. For Caleb and Joshua believed Yahweh by sanctifying him, setting Yahweh apart as holy in the eyes of the children of Israel. For Joshua and Caleb said, as recorded in Numbers 14:8-9,

14:8If Yahweh delight in us, then he will bring us into this land, and give it to us; a land which flows with milk and honey. 14:9Only don’t rebel against Yahweh, neither fear the people of the land; for they are bread for us: their defense is removed from over them, and Yahweh is with us: don’t fear them.

In other words, Joshua and Caleb CLEARLY informed the children of Israel that it was Yahweh that they were to rely on, and not on the signs they saw that instilled fear if their message or voice was heard.

Moses and Aaron should have likewise sanctified Yahweh, making it clear to the people that it was Yahweh that they were to rely on, and not on the signs that they experienced that instilled disbelief in Yahweh's word. But Moses and Aaron failed to so sanctify Yahweh, seemingly taking the glory for water that gushed out of the rock.

Yahweh's Servants Must Always Give Him The Glory For The Works That He Does Through Them

It therefore appears that servants of Yahweh MUST always give glory to Yahweh for the works that Yahweh does through them. They must make clear to the people to whom Yahweh has sent them to do those works that the power behind the works that they do is Yahweh, and that those works or signs do not originate with themselves. By so affirming Yahweh in the eyes of the people they show their belief in Yahweh. By not so sanctifying Yahweh in the eyes of the people they do not facilitate the people believing in Yahweh, instead causing the people believing in them, seeing that it is they that the people saw perform the signs. And not so sanctifying Yahweh in the eyes of the people Yahweh calls disbelieving in him!

Yahweh Shows No Partiality

It should also be noted that Yahweh shows no partiality. Just as he judged that the Israelites who disbelieved in him in the matter of the report of the spies would not enter the land flowing with milk and honey, so also he judged that Moses and Aaron who disbelieved in him in the matter of the waters of Meribah would not enter the land flowing with milk and honey. In other words, people who disbelieve in Yahweh do not partake of Yahweh's good promises to them. For Yahweh's good promises are conditioned on those to whom it is given remaining in a state of believing in Yahweh.

Believe In Yahweh That He May Delight In You

It should also be noted that 14:8 shows that those Yahweh was to bring to the land were those in whom Yahweh delighted. Seeing that Yahweh did not bring into the land of promise those who did not believe in him, it is indeed concluded that Yahweh was not delighted in those who did not believe in him. Therefore, to have Yahweh delight in us we must indeed believe in him. In other words, Yahweh delights only in those who believe in him.


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