Sabbath Keeping Is Also A Memorial Of Yahweh's Deliverance Of Israel Out Of Egypt

Deuteronomy 5:12-15 reads,

5:12"Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy, as Yahweh your God commanded you. 5:13Six days shall you labor, and do all your work; 5:14but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God: in it you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your man-servant, nor your maid-servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates; that your man-servant and your maid-servant may rest as well as you. 5:15You shall remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and Yahweh your God brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm: therefore Yahweh your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.

Another reason why Yahweh commanded the children of Israel to observe the Sabbath day was for their remembering Yahweh's great work for them when he delivered them out of Egypt. It therefore appears that the Sabbath is indeed an appropriate day to bring to remembrance the various works that Yahweh has undertaken in our lives, both individually and collectively.

On The Sabbath Praise Yahweh And Recall His Great Works

Psalm 92 demonstrates that the Sabbath is an appropriate day for praising Yahweh in song, and also for recalling Yahweh's great works. It reads,

A Psalm. A song for the Sabbath day.

92:1It is a good thing to give thanks to Yahweh,
To sing praises to your name, Most High;

92:2To proclaim your lovingkindness in the morning,
And your faithfulness every night,

92:3With the ten-stringed lute, with the harp,
And with the melody of the lyre.

92:4For you, Yahweh, have made me glad through your work.
I will triumph in the works of your hands.

92:5How great are your works, Yahweh!
Your thoughts are very deep.

92:6A senseless man doesn’t know,
Neither does a fool understand this:

92:7Though the wicked spring up as the grass,
And all the evil-doers flourish,
They will be destroyed forever.

92:8But you, Yahweh, are on high forevermore.

92:9For, behold, your enemies, Yahweh,
For, behold, your enemies shall perish.
All the evil-doers will be scattered.

92:10But you have exalted my horn like that of the wild ox.
I am anointed with fresh oil.

92:11My eye has also seen my enemies,
My ears have heard of the evil-doers who rise up against me.

92:12The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree.
He will grow like a cedar in Lebanon.

92:13They are planted in Yahweh’s house.
They will flourish in our God’s courts.

92:14They will still bring forth fruit in old age.
They will be full of sap and green,
92:15To show that Yahweh is upright.
He is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.

Yahweh Blesses All Human Beings For Keeping Holy The Sabbath

Isaiah 56:1-8 reads,

56:1Thus says Yahweh, Keep you justice, and do righteousness; for my salvation is near to come, and my righteousness to be revealed. 56:2Blessed is the man who does this, and the son of man who holds it fast; who keeps the Sabbath from profaning it, and keeps his hand from doing any evil. 56:3Neither let the foreigner, who has joined himself to Yahweh, speak, saying, Yahweh will surely separate me from his people; neither let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a dry tree. 56:4For thus says Yahweh of the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and hold fast my covenant: 56:5To them will I give in my house and within my walls a memorial and a name better than of sons and of daughters; I will give them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off. 56:6Also the foreigners who join themselves to Yahweh, to minister to him, and to love the name of Yahweh, to be his servants, everyone who keeps the Sabbath from profaning it, and holds fast my covenant; 56:7even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted on my altar; for my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples. 56:8The Lord Yahweh, who gathers the outcasts of Israel, says, Yet will I gather others to him, besides his own who are gathered.

All Human Beings, Not Just Israelites, Should Keep Holy The Sabbath

It should be noted from Yahweh's words that he does not limit Sabbath observance only to the children of Israel, but pronounces a blessing on all human beings who keep holy the Sabbath and do not profane it. The Sabbath should indeed be kept holy by all human beings, and not just Israelites.

Do Yahweh's Pleasure And Speak Yahweh Words On The Sabbath

Isaiah 58:13-14 reads,

58:13If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day; and call the Sabbath a delight, and the holy of Yahweh honorable; and shall honor it, not doing your own ways, nor finding your own pleasure, nor speaking your own words: 58:14then shall you delight yourself in Yahweh; and I will make you to ride on the high places of the earth; and I will feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father: for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it.

The Sabbath was therefore made for man to do Yahweh's pleasure and to speak Yahweh's words. It is meant for man honouring Yahweh and doing in it the things that please Yahweh.

All Human Beings Will Eventually Worship Yahweh On The Sabbath

Isaiah 66:23 reads,

66:23It shall happen, that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, says Yahweh.

It should be noted that a time will come when ALL FLESH, not just Israelites, but all human beings, will worship Yahweh on his Sabbaths. In other words, the Sabbath is a time that Yahweh has set aside for man to worship Yahweh.

Those Who Keep The Sabbath Holy Acknowledge That Yahweh Is Their Mighty One

Ezekiel 20:19-20 reads,

20:19I am Yahweh your God: walk in my statutes, and keep my ordinances, and do them; 20:20and make my Sabbaths holy; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that you may know that I am Yahweh your God.

Those who keep Yahweh's Sabbaths holy, observing his Sabbaths in the manner that they are to be observed, are the ones who truly know that Yahweh is indeed their Mighty One.

Human Beings Ought To Assemble Together And Worship Yahweh On The Sabbath

Ezekiel 46:1-3 reads,

46:1Thus says the Lord Yahweh: The gate of the inner court that looks toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened. 46:2The prince shall enter by the way of the porch of the gate outside, and shall stand by the post of the gate; and the priests shall prepare his burnt-offering and his peace-offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening. 46:3The people of the land shall worship at the door of that gate before Yahweh on the Sabbaths and on the new moons.

It should be noted that men ought to assemble together to worship Yahweh on the Sabbaths. For this is what those is Israel shall do during Yah'shuah's reign headquartered at Jerusalem.

Yah'shuah Has Authority Over Anything Made For Man's Benefit

Mark 2:27-28 notes that Yah'shuah is master even of the Sabbath as the Sabbath was made for man. This implies that Yah'shuah is master over anything that is made for man's benefit, as he is also master over man.

Yah'shuah's Disciples Are Members Of Yah'shuah's Family

Matthew 12:46-50 reads,

12:46While he was yet speaking to the multitudes, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, seeking to speak to him. 12:47One said to him, "Behold, your mother and your brothers stand outside, seeking to speak to you."

12:48But he answered him who told him, "Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?" 12:49He stretched out his hand towards his disciples, and said, "Behold, my mother and my brothers! 12:50For whoever does the will of my Father who is in heaven, he is my brother, and sister, and mother."

Yah'shuah's disciples are those who do the will of his Father who is in heaven. It is therefore imperative that Yah'shuah's disciples learn what the Father's will is, that they may do it.

Why Yah'shuah Spoke To The Multitudes In Parables

Matthew 13:1-53 reads,

13:1On that day Jesus went out of the house, and sat by the seaside. 13:2Great multitudes gathered to him, so that he entered into a boat, and sat, and all the multitude stood on the beach. 13:3He spoke to them many things in parables, saying, "Behold, a farmer went out to sow. 13:4As he sowed, some seeds fell by the roadside, and the birds came and devoured them. 13:5Others fell on rocky ground, where they didn’t have much soil, and immediately they sprang up, because they had no depth of earth. 13:6When the sun had risen, they were scorched. Because they had no root, they withered away. 13:7Others fell on thorns. The thorns grew up and choked them: 13:8and others fell on good soil, and yielded fruit: some one hundred times, some sixty, and some thirty. 13:9He who has ears to hear, let him hear."

13:10The disciples came, and said to him, "Why do you speak to them in parables?"

13:11He answered them, "To you it is given to know the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, but it is not given to them. 13:12For whoever has, to him will be given, and he will have abundance, but whoever doesn’t have, from him will be taken away even that which he has. 13:13Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they don’t see, and hearing, they don’t hear, neither do they understand. 13:14In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says,

‘By hearing you will hear,
And will in no way understand;

Seeing you will see,
And will in no way perceive:

13:15For this people’s heart has grown callous,
Their ears are dull of hearing,
Their eyes they have closed;

Or else perhaps they might perceive with their eyes,
Hear with their ears,
Understand with their heart,

And should turn again;
And I would heal them.’

13:16"But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear. 13:17For most assuredly I tell you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see the things which you see, and didn’t see them; and to hear the things which you hear, and didn’t hear them.

13:18"Hear, then, the parable of the farmer. 13:19When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and doesn’t understand it, the evil one comes, and snatches away that which has been sown in his heart. This is what was sown by the roadside. 13:20What was sown on the rocky places, this is he who hears the word, and immediately with joy receives it; 13:21yet he has no root in himself, but endures for a while. When oppression or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles. 13:22What was sown among the thorns, this is he who hears the word, but the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful. 13:23What was sown on the good ground, this is he who hears the word, and understands it, who most assuredly bears fruit, and brings forth, some one hundred times, some sixty, some thirty."

13:24He set another parable before them, saying, "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field, 13:25but while people slept, his enemy came and sowed darnel also among the wheat, and went away. 13:26But when the blade sprang up and brought forth fruit, then the darnel appeared also. 13:27The servants of the householder came and said to him, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field? Where did this darnel come from?’

13:28"He said to them, ‘An enemy has done this.’

"The servants asked him, ‘Do you want us to go and gather them up?’

13:29"But he said, ‘No, lest perhaps while you gather up the darnel, you root up the wheat with them. 13:30Let both grow together until the harvest, and in the harvest time I will tell the reapers, "First, gather up the darnel, and bind them in bundles to burn them; but gather the wheat into my barn."’"

13:31He set another parable before them, saying, "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and sowed in his field; 13:32which indeed is smaller than all seeds. But when it is grown, it is greater than the herbs, and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and lodge in its branches."

13:33He spoke another parable to them. "The Kingdom of Heaven is like yeast, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of meal, until it was all leavened."

13:34Jesus spoke all these things in parables to the multitudes; and without a parable, he didn’t speak to them, 13:35that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophet, saying,

"I will open my mouth in parables;
I will utter things hidden from the foundation of the world."

13:36Then Jesus sent the multitudes away, and went into the house. His disciples came to him, saying, "Explain to us the parable of the darnel of the field."

13:37He answered them, "He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man, 13:38the field is the world; and the good seed, these are the sons of the kingdom; and the darnel are the sons of the evil one. 13:39The enemy who sowed them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are angels. 13:40As therefore the darnel is gathered up and burned with fire; so will it be in the end of this age. 13:41The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all things that cause stumbling, and those who do iniquity, 13:42and will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be weeping and the gnashing of teeth. 13:43Then the righteous will shine forth like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.

13:44"The Kingdom of Heaven is like a treasure hidden in the field, which a man found, and hid. In his joy, he goes and sells all that he has, and buys that field.

13:45"Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who is a merchant seeking fine pearls, 13:46who having found one pearl of great price, he went and sold all that he had, and bought it.

13:47"Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like a dragnet, that was cast into the sea, and gathered some fish of every kind, 13:48which, when it was filled, they drew up on the beach. They sat down, and gathered the good into containers, but the bad they threw away. 13:49So will it be in the end of the world. The angels will come forth, and separate the wicked from among the righteous, 13:50and will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth." 13:51Jesus said to them, "Have you understood all these things?"

They answered him, "Yes, Lord."

13:52He said to them, "Therefore, every scribe who has been made a disciple to the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who is a householder, who brings out of his treasure new and old things."

13:53It happened that when Jesus had finished these parables, he departed from there.

It Has Been Appointed For Yah'shuah's Disciples To Turn To Him For Their Healing

13:15-16 shows that eyes of the disciples perceive, and their ears hear, thereby understanding with their heart the things that they see and hear. Those who understand Yahweh's word should turn to him that he may heal them. It has therefore been appointed for Yah'shuah's disciples to turn to Yahweh that he may heal them, by forgiving them their iniquities.

Make Scribes Disciples To The Kingdom Of Heaven

13:52 shows that Yah'shuah's disciples should not neglect making scribes disciples to the kingdom of heaven. In other words, those who are already well versed in the scriptures to a degree should also be made disciples of Yah'shuah.

Those Who Benefit From Yah'shuah Should Serve Yah'shuah

Luke 8:1-15 reads,

8:1It happened soon afterwards, that he went about through cities and villages, preaching and bringing the good news of the kingdom of God, and with him the twelve, 8:2and certain women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary who was called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out; 8:3and Joanna, the wife of Chuzas, Herod’s steward; Susanna; and many others; who ministered to them from their possessions. 8:4When a great multitude came together, and people from every city were coming to him, he spoke by a parable. 8:5"The farmer went out to sow his seed. As he sowed, some fell by the road, and it was trampled under foot, and the birds of the sky devoured it. 8:6Other seed fell on the rock, and as soon as it grew, it withered away, because it had no moisture. 8:7Other fell amid the thorns, and the thorns grew with it, and choked it. 8:8Other fell into the good ground, and grew, and brought forth fruit one hundred times." As he said these things, he called out, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear!"

8:9Then his disciples asked him, "What does this parable mean?"

8:10He said, "To you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God, but to the rest in parables; that ‘seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand.’ 8:11Now the parable is this: The seed is the word of God. 8:12Those by the road are those who hear, then the devil comes, and takes away the word from their heart, that they may not believe and be saved. 8:13Those on the rock are they who, when they hear, receive the word with joy; but these have no root, who believe for a while, and fall away in time of temptation. 8:14That which fell among the thorns, these are those who have heard, and as they go on their way they are choked with cares, riches, and pleasures of life, and bring no fruit to maturity. 8:15That in the good ground, these are such as in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, hold it tightly, and bring forth fruit with patience.

It should be noted from Luke 8:1-3 that people who have received a benefit from Yah'shuah should reciprocate by following Yah'shuah and serving him as they are able. For the women whom Yah'shuah had healed of evil spirits and infirmities served him, doing so from their own possessions.

Feed With Appropriate Food Those Who Need Food

Matthew 14:14-21 reads,

14:14Jesus went out, and he saw a great multitude. He had compassion on them, and healed their sick. 14:15When evening had come, his disciples came to him, saying, "This place is a desert, and the hour is already late. Send the multitudes away, that they may go into the villages, and buy themselves food."

14:16But Jesus said to them, "They don’t need to go away. You give them something to eat."

14:17They told him, "We only have here five loaves and two fish."

14:18He said, "Bring them here to me." 14:19He commanded the multitudes to sit down on the grass; and he took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, broke and gave the loaves to the disciples, and the disciples to the multitudes. 14:20They all ate, and were filled. They took up twelve baskets full of that which remained left over from the broken pieces. 14:21Those who ate were about five thousand men, besides women and children.

When Yah'shuah's disciples find themselves in a situation where they are in the company of multitudes who need to eat food, what should they do? Should they send them away that they may buy themselves food?

John 4:31-34 reads,

4:31In the meanwhile, the disciples urged him, saying, "Rabbi, eat."

4:32But he said to them, "I have food to eat that you don’t know about."

4:33The disciples therefore said one to another, "Has anyone brought him something to eat?"

4:34Jesus said to them, "My food is to do the will of him who sent me, and to accomplish his work.

Seeing that Yah'shuah told his disciples in Matthew 14:16 to give the multitudes something to eat, and seeing that he later gave them food to eat, it seems to me that the disciples should indeed be in a position to feed the multitudes when they are in the company of multitudes. The food that they should give them is the food that Yah'shuah ate. This food is doing the Father's will and accomplishing his work. Yah'shuah's disciples should therefore do the Father's will and accomplish his work when they are in the company of multitudes.

Worship Yah'shuah

Matthew 14:22-33 reads,

14:22Immediately Jesus made the disciples get into the boat, and to go ahead of him to the other side, while he sent the multitudes away. 14:23After he had sent the multitudes away, he went up into the mountain apart to pray. When evening had come, he was there alone. 14:24But the boat was now in the midst of the sea, distressed by the waves, for the wind was contrary. 14:25In the fourth watch of the night Jesus came to them, walking on the sea. 14:26When the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, "It’s a ghost!" and they cried out for fear. 14:27But immediately Jesus spoke to them, saying "Cheer up! I AM! Don’t be afraid."

14:28Peter answered him and said, "Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the waters."

14:29He said, "Come!"

Peter went down from the boat, and walked on the waters to come to Jesus. 14:30But when he saw that the wind was strong, he was afraid, and beginning to sink, he cried out, saying, "Lord, save me!"

14:31Immediately Jesus stretched out his hand, took hold of him, and said to him, "You of little faith, why did you doubt?" 14:32When they got up into the boat, the wind ceased. 14:33Those who were in the boat came and worshiped him, saying, "You are truly the Son of God!"

Yah'shuah's disciples should indeed acknowledge that Yah'shuah is truly the Son of Yahweh, with power and authority over physical laws. They should indeed worship Yah'shuah, for he is worthy to be worshiped.

Should You Obey Human Traditions?

Matthew 15:1-20 reads,

15:1Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem, saying, 15:2"Why do your disciples disobey the tradition of the elders? For they don’t wash their hands when they eat bread."

15:3He answered them, "Why do you also disobey the commandment of God because of your tradition? 15:4For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 15:5But you say, ‘Whoever may tell his father or his mother, "Whatever help you might otherwise have gotten from me is a gift devoted to God," 15:6he shall not honor his father or mother.’ You have made the commandment of God void because of your tradition. 15:7You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, saying,

15:8‘These people draw near to me with their mouth,
And honor me with their lips;
But their heart is far from me.

15:9But in vain do they worship me,
Teaching as doctrine rules made by men.’"

15:10He summoned the multitude, and said to them, "Hear, and understand. 15:11That which enters into the mouth doesn’t defile the man; but that which proceeds out of the mouth, this defiles the man."

15:12Then the disciples came, and said to him, "Do you know that the Pharisees were offended, when they heard this saying?"

15:13But he answered, "Every plant which my heavenly Father didn’t plant will be uprooted. 15:14Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit."

15:15Peter answered him, "Explain the parable to us."

15:16So Jesus said, "Do you also still not understand? 15:17Don’t you understand that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the belly, and then out of the body? 15:18But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man. 15:19For out of the heart come forth evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual sins, thefts, false testimony, and blasphemies. 15:20These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands doesn’t defile the man."

You Should Not Follow Traditions Contrary To Yahweh's Laws

15:2-3 shows that Yah'shuah's disciples are not to follow human traditions when these traditions have the effect of causing them to break Yahweh's laws. In other words, Yahweh's laws have greater priority over human traditions.

You Should Help Your Parents

15:4-6 shows that Yah'shuah's disciples, in obeying Yahweh's laws, should financially or otherwise be helping their parents. And in a situation whereby Yahweh has not commanded an offering from them, and their parents are in financial or other need, they are to give priority to helping their parents rather than giving Yahweh an offering.

You Should Avoid Hypocrisy

15:7-9 shows that Yah'shuah's disciples are to avoid hypocrisy, whereby they profess to do one thing but in reality do another. They should obey Yahweh not just verbally, but also from their heart, desiring from their heart to obey Yahweh.

Teaching As Doctrine Human Rules Is Worshipping Yahweh In Vain

15:9 shows that one worships Yahweh in vain when one teaches as doctrine rules made by men. Seeing that Yah'shuah's disciples are to worship Yahweh truthfully, without hypocrisy, they should not teach their fellow disciples as doctrine the rules of men. This implies that Yah'shuah's disciples must be careful to teach only Yahweh's word, refraining from teaching even their own views, seeing that they are but men.

You Should Not Be Concerned With Causing Offence When You Teach And Preach Yahweh's Word

15:12-14 shows that Yah'shuah's disciples should not be too concerned with causing offence to others when they preach or teach Yahweh's word. They should therefore make no apology to men when they preach or teach Yahweh's word to them.

Mark 7:1-23 reads,

7:1Then the Pharisees, and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem. 7:2Now when they saw some of his disciples eating bread with defiled, that is, unwashed, hands, they found fault. 7:3(For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, don’t eat unless they wash their hands and forearms, holding to the tradition of the elders. 7:4They don’t eat when they come from the marketplace, unless they bathe themselves, and there are many other things, which they have received to hold to: washings of cups, pitchers, bronze vessels, and couches.) 7:5The Pharisees and the scribes asked him, "Why don’t your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?"

7:6He answered them, "Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written,

‘This people honors me with their lips,
But their heart is far from me.

7:7But in vain do they worship me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

7:8"For you set aside the commandment of God, and hold tightly to the tradition of men — the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things." 7:9He said to them, "Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 7:10For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother;’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 7:11But you say, ‘If a man will tell his father or his mother, "Whatever you might have been profited by me is Corban, that is to say, given to God;"’ 7:12and you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, 7:13making void the word of God by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this."

7:14He called all the multitude to himself, and said to them, "Hear me, all of you, and understand. 7:15There is nothing from outside of the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man. 7:16If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!"

7:17When he had entered into the house from the multitude, his disciples asked him about the parable. 7:18He said to them, "Are you so without understanding also? Don’t you perceive that whatever goes into the man from outside can’t defile him, 7:19because it doesn’t go into his heart, but into his belly, and into the latrine?" 7:20He said, "That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. 7:21For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts, 7:22covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness. 7:23All these evil things proceed from within, and defile the man."


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© 1999, Isaac Aluochier, All rights reserved. Published by Christ the Lamp, a division of Servants of Yahweh, P O Box 78, Royston, SG8 7WF, United Kingdom. E-mail: christthelamp@christthelamp.org. Permission is hereby GRANTED to reproduce this and other publications in the Christ the Lamp web site, http://www.christthelamp.org, unless otherwise stated.

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