Yahweh's Judgement On The Evil Children Of Israel

Judges 4:1-5 reads,

4:1The children of Israel again did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, when Ehud was dead. 4:2Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor; the captain of whose host was Sisera, who lived in Harosheth of the Gentiles. 4:3The children of Israel cried to Yahweh: for he had nine hundred chariots of iron; and twenty years he mightily oppressed the children of Israel. 4:4Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, she judged Israel at that time. 4:5She lived under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill-country of Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment.

Yahweh Appoints Both Men And Women As Judges Over His People

It should be noted that those Yahweh appoints as judges over his people, to rule them and to teach them his word, are not necessarily men. For Deborah was indeed a woman, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth and judge over Israel.

Female Judges Are To Teach Yahweh's People His Word

Seeing that it is indeed the duty of a judge over Yahweh's people to teach them his word, his statutes and laws, and seeing that Yahweh appointed Deborah as judge over all Israel, it appears to me that a woman whom Yahweh has appointed to a position to teach his word to his people, both men and women, can and should indeed do so!

Relationship Between Priests And Judges Over Yahweh's People

It should also be noted that there is a distinction between the roles of priests and judges, despite both having being appointed by Yahweh. Priests serve in Yahweh's sanctuary, Yahweh's tent of meeting or temple. Judges do not serve in Yahweh's sanctuary. Priests arise only from Aaron's seed. Judges arise from any of Yahweh's people, and are not confined to Aaron's seed. Priests do not rule over the people in matters not connected with their priestly service. Judges rule over the people in matters outside priestly service. But both priests and judges are charged with the responsibility of teaching Yahweh's people his word, his law, his statutes, his ordinances and his commandments. This teaching activity they perform in their ordinary ruling or administrative duties, and also in their judicial duties of determining matters of controversy, matters determined according to Yahweh's law.

Women Can And Should Teach Yahweh's People His Word

Again I state that it indeed appears to me that a woman among Yahweh's people can and should indeed teach all of Yahweh's people Yahweh's word, including teaching both men and women. For when Yahweh has appointed such a woman to a position that requires her to teach his word she must indeed teach his word in order to fulfil the duties of the office that Yahweh has appointed her to.

Men Should Submit To The Authority Yahweh Has Vested In Some Women In His Assembly

It also seems to me that when Yahweh has appointed a woman to a position in his assembly that requires her teach all of Yahweh's assembly Yahweh's word, the men in Yahweh's assembly should willingly submit to her authority that Yahweh has given her. For that authority is ultimately Yahweh's and not the woman's, and Yahweh's people should listen to her because she bears Yahweh's word and authority.

How Deborah Came To Rule Over Israel

Judges 5:7 reads,

5:7The rulers ceased in Israel, they ceased,

Until that I Deborah arose,

That I arose a mother in Israel.

It is noted that Deborah came into prominence in Israel at a time when no man was willing or worthy to take the reigns of leadership and rulership. And she took hold of those reigns, even as a mother rules over her children. In other words, just as when a widow rules over the household of her husband upon his death so also did Deborah rule over Israel in the absence of worthy male rulers.

Being A Wife Does Not Preclude Yahweh From Appointing A Woman To A Position Of Responsibility In His Assembly

It should be noted that during her judging of Israel she was indeed the WIFE of Lappidoth. In other words, just because a woman is someone's wife does not preclude Yahweh from appointing her as judge over his people and making her his prophetess. Such a woman therefore fulfils both her wifely duties as well as her judging and/or prophetic duties.

Husbands Of Women Yahweh Has Appointed To Various Duties Should Not Interfere With Their Wives' Performance Of Those Duties

It seems to me that the husband whose wife Yahweh has appointed to a particular office of service should not interfere with her service to Yahweh in that office, but should act to facilitate the fulfilment of Yahweh's will for his wife. For he who opposes his wife when she obeys Yahweh opposes Yahweh! Such a husband should therefore give his wife complete freedom to undertake Yahweh's duties that Yahweh has given her.

Yahweh's Judgement On Human Beings

1 Samuel 2:1-10 reads,

2:1Hannah prayed, and said:

My heart exults in Yahweh;

My horn is exalted in Yahweh;

My mouth is enlarged over my enemies;

Because I rejoice in your salvation.

2:2There is none holy as Yahweh;

For there is none besides you,

Neither is there any rock like our God.

2:3Talk no more so exceeding proudly;

Don’t let arrogance come out of your mouth;

For Yahweh is a God of knowledge,

By him actions are weighed.

2:4The bows of the mighty men are broken;

Those who stumbled are girded with strength.

2:5Those who were full have hired out themselves for bread;

Those who were hungry have ceased to hunger:

Yes, the barren has borne seven;

She who has many children languishes.

2:6Yahweh kills, and makes alive:

He brings down to Sheol, and brings up.

2:7Yahweh makes poor, and makes rich:

He brings low, he also lifts up.

2:8He raises up the poor out of the dust,

He lifts up the needy from the dunghill,

To make them sit with princes,

Inherit the throne of glory:

For the pillars of the earth are Yahweh’s,

He has set the world on them.

2:9He will keep the feet of his holy ones;

But the wicked shall be put to silence in darkness;

For by strength shall no man prevail.

2:10Those who strive with Yahweh shall be broken to pieces;

Against them will he thunder in the sky:

Yahweh will judge the ends of the earth;

He will give strength to his king,

Exalt the horn of his anointed.

It should be noted that 2:6 prophesies a resurrection from the dead. For it is in one being killed that one is brought down to Sheol, and by one being brought up from Sheol one is made alive. Yahweh will therefore raise the dead to life by bringing them up from Sheol.

Do Not Sin Against Yahweh

1 Samuel 2:22-25 reads,

2:22Now Eli was very old; and he heard all that his sons did to all Israel, and how that they lay with the women who served at the door of the tent of meeting. 2:23He said to them, Why do you such things? For I hear of your evil dealings from all this people. 2:24No, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: you make Yahweh’s people to disobey. 2:25If a man sin against another, God shall judge him; but if a man sin against Yahweh, who shall entreat for him? Notwithstanding, they didn’t listen to the voice of their father, because Yahweh was minded to kill them.

Judges Over Yahweh's People Should Teach Not Just By Word But Also By Righteous Conduct

It should be noted from 2:24 that Eli's sons made the people to disobey Yahweh. This they did by the example of their wicked conduct.

It should therefore be clear that those whom Yahweh places in positions to teach his people his word must teach those people Yahweh's word not only by word, but also in their righteous conduct. For if they do not live righteously the people they have been charged to teach righteousness will also refrain from doing righteousness, knowing that those who preach righteousness to them do not believe in it but despise it.

Yahweh's Everlasting Judgement Over The House Of Eli

1 Samuel 3:10-14 reads,

3:10Yahweh came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel said, Speak; for your servant hears. 3:11Yahweh said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of everyone who hears it shall tingle. 3:12In that day I will perform against Eli all that I have spoken concerning his house, from the beginning even to the end. 3:13For I have told him that I will judge his house forever, for the iniquity which he knew, because his sons did bring a curse on themselves, and he didn’t restrain them. 3:14Therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli’s house shall not be expiated with sacrifice nor offering forever.

Evildoers Bring A Curse On Themselves

When a person does evil he brings upon himself a curse, even as Eli's sons brought a curse on themselves on account of the evil that they did.

Those In Authority Should Restrain Evil Works By Those Under Their Authority

When it is in our power to restrain from doing evil those under our authority it is imperative that we do so. But if we do not restrain them from the evil that they do then we bear responsibility for that evil. And this failure to restrain the doing of evil by those under our authority, together with the evil, Yahweh calls iniquity. And those who partake of iniquity Yahweh removes from his presence.

How Yahweh Made Clear To Israel That He Had Appointed Samuel As Judge Over Them

1 Samuel 3:19-21 reads,

3:19Samuel grew, and Yahweh was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground. 3:20All Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of Yahweh. 3:21Yahweh appeared again in Shiloh; for Yahweh revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of Yahweh.

How Samuel Judged The Children Of Israel

1 Samuel 7 reads,

7:1The men of Kiriath-jearim came, and fetched up the ark of Yahweh, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill, and sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of Yahweh. 7:2It happened, from the day that the ark abode in Kiriath-jearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented after Yahweh.

7:3Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel, saying, If you do return to Yahweh with all your heart, then put away the foreign gods and the Ashtaroth from among you, and direct your hearts to Yahweh, and serve him only; and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.

7:4Then the children of Israel did put away the Baals and the Ashtaroth, and served Yahweh only.

7:5Samuel said, Gather all Israel to Mizpah, and I will pray for you to Yahweh.

7:6They gathered together to Mizpah, and drew water, and poured it out before Yahweh, and fasted on that day, and said there, We have sinned against Yahweh. Samuel judged the children of Israel in Mizpah.

7:7When the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together at Mizpah, the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel. When the children of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines. 7:8The children of Israel said to Samuel, "Don’t cease to cry to Yahweh our God for us, that he will save us out of the hand of the Philistines." 7:9Samuel took a sucking lamb, and offered it for a whole burnt-offering to Yahweh: and Samuel cried to Yahweh for Israel; and Yahweh answered him. 7:10As Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel; but Yahweh thundered with a great thunder on that day on the Philistines, and confused them; and they were struck down before Israel.

7:11The men of Israel went out of Mizpah, and pursued the Philistines, and struck them, until they came under Beth-car. 7:12Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpah and Shen, and called the name of it Eben-ezer, saying, Hitherto has Yahweh helped us. 7:13So the Philistines were subdued, and they came no more within the border of Israel: and the hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel. 7:14The cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel, from Ekron even to Gath; and the border of it did Israel deliver out of the hand of the Philistines. There was peace between Israel and the Amorites.

7:15Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. 7:16He went from year to year in circuit to Bethel and Gilgal, and Mizpah; and he judged Israel in all those places. 7:17His return was to Ramah, for there was his house; and there he judged Israel: and he built there an altar to Yahweh.

What was Samuel's manner of judging the people?

He taught them repentance from their sinful works, not just in outward conduct, but also from their heart. He also prayed for their forgiveness, after their heartfelt repentance coupled with repentant works. He also prayed for their deliverance from the hand of their enemies.

Yahweh Should Be Obeyed Not Just Outwardly But Also From The Heart

It therefore appears that Yahweh's appointed judges should teach his people his word, to be done not just outwardly, but also from their hearts. They should also emulate the rest of Samuel's righteous works.

Judges In Israel In Samuel's Latter Years

1 Samuel 8 reads,

8:1It happened, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel. 8:2Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his second, Abijah: they were judges in Beersheba. 8:3His sons didn’t walk in his ways, but turned aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted justice. 8:4Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel to Ramah; 8:5and they said to him, Behold, you are old, and your sons don’t walk in your ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. 8:6But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. Samuel prayed to Yahweh.

8:7Yahweh said to Samuel, Listen to the voice of the people in all that they tell you; for they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me, that I should not be king over them. 8:8According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even to this day, in that they have forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also to you. 8:9Now therefore listen to their voice: however you shall protest solemnly to them, and shall show them the manner of the king who shall reign over them.

8:10Samuel told all the words of Yahweh to the people who asked of him a king. 8:11He said, This will be the manner of the king who shall reign over you: he will take your sons, and appoint them to him, for his chariots, and to be his horsemen; and they shall run before his chariots; 8:12and he will appoint them to him for captains of thousands, and captains of fifties; and he will set some to plow his ground, and to reap his harvest, and to make his instruments of war, and the instruments of his chariots. 8:13He will take your daughters to be perfumers, and to be cooks, and to be bakers. 8:14He will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your olive groves, even the best of them, and give them to his servants. 8:15He will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants. 8:16He will take your men-servants, and your maid-servants, and your best young men, and your donkeys, and put them to his work. 8:17He will take the tenth of your flocks: and you shall be his servants. 8:18You shall cry out in that day because of your king whom you shall have chosen you; and Yahweh will not answer you in that day.

8:19But the people refused to listen to the voice of Samuel; and they said, No: but we will have a king over us, 8:20that we also may be like all the nations, and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles. 8:21Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of Yahweh. 8:22Yahweh said to Samuel, Listen to their voice, and make them a king. Samuel said to the men of Israel, Go you every man to his city.

It should be clear that the judge over a people is their ruler or king.

Judges Over Yahweh's People Should Be Faithful To Yahweh

Deuteronomy 17:14-20 reads,

17:14When you are come to the land which Yahweh your God gives you, and shall possess it, and shall dwell therein, and shall say, I will set a king over me, like all the nations that are round about me; 17:15you shall surely set him king over you, whom Yahweh your God shall choose: one from among your brothers shall you set king over you; you may not put a foreigner over you, who is not your brother. 17:16Only he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he may multiply horses; because Yahweh has said to you, You shall henceforth return no more that way. 17:17Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart not turn away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold. 17:18It shall be, when he sits on the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book, out of that which is before the priests the Levites: 17:19and it shall be with him, and he shall read therein all the days of his life; that he may learn to fear Yahweh his God, to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to do them; 17:20that his heart not be lifted up above his brothers, and that he not turn aside from the commandment, to the right hand, or to the left: to the end that he may prolong his days in his kingdom, he and his children, in the midst of Israel.

It is Yahweh's requirement upon his appointed judges or kings over his people that they keep all of his words, including his law and his statutes. For so keeping Yahweh's word enables the heart of the ruler to remain humble and faithful towards Yahweh. And by remaining humble and faithful to Yahweh he indeed prolongs the life and house of the ruler.

Yahweh Judges In Disputes Between Humans

1 Samuel 24:8-22 reads,

24:8David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying, My lord the king. When Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and did obeisance. 24:9David said to Saul, Why listen you to men’s words, saying, Behold, David seeks your hurt? 24:10Behold, this day your eyes have seen how that Yahweh had delivered you today into my hand in the cave: and some bade me kill you; but my eye spared you; and I said, I will not put forth my hand against my lord; for he is Yahweh’s anointed. 24:11Moreover, my father, behold, yes, see the skirt of your robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of your robe, and didn’t kill you, know you and see that there is neither evil nor disobedience in my hand, and I have not sinned against you, though you hunt after my life to take it. 24:12Yahweh judge between me and you, and Yahweh avenge me of you; but my hand shall not be on you. 24:13As says the proverb of the ancients, Out of the wicked comes forth wickedness; but my hand shall not be on you. 24:14After whom is the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue? After a dead dog, after a flea. 24:15Yahweh therefore be judge, and give sentence between me and you, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of your hand. 24:16It came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words to Saul, that Saul said, Is this your voice, my son David? Saul lifted up his voice, and wept. 24:17He said to David, You are more righteous than I; for you have rendered to me good, whereas I have rendered to you evil. 24:18You have declared this day how that you have dealt well with me, because when Yahweh had delivered me up into your hand, you didn’t kill me. 24:19For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go away unharmed? Therefore may Yahweh reward you good for that which you have done to me this day. 24:20Now, behold, I know that you shall surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in your hand. 24:21Swear now therefore to me by Yahweh, that you will not cut off my seed after me, and that you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house. 24:22David swore to Saul. Saul went home; but David and his men got them up to the stronghold.

A Judicial Administrative Failure In David's Reign Over Israel

2 Samuel 15:2-6 reads,

15:2Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called to him, and said, Of what city are you? He said, Your servant is of one of the tribes of Israel. 15:3Absalom said to him, Behold, your matters are good and right; but there is no man deputized of the king to hear you. 15:4Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man who has any suit or cause might come to me, and I would do him justice! 15:5It was so, that when any man came near to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took hold of him, and kissed him. 15:6In this manner Absalom did to all Israel who came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

Wisdom And Understanding To Discern Justice Come From Yahweh

1 Kings 3:3-15 reads,

3:3Solomon loved Yahweh, walking in the statutes of David his father: only he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places. 3:4The king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place: a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer on that altar. 3:5In Gibeon Yahweh appeared to Solomon in a dream by night; and God said, Ask what I shall give you. 3:6Solomon said, You have shown to your servant David my father great lovingkindness, according as he walked before you in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with you; and you have kept for him this great lovingkindness, that you have given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day. 3:7Now, Yahweh my God, you have made your servant king instead of David my father: and I am but a little child; I don’t know how to go out or come in. 3:8Your servant is in the midst of your people which you have chosen, a great people, that can’t be numbered nor counted for multitude. 3:9Give your servant therefore an understanding heart to judge your people, that I may discern between good and evil; for who is able to judge this your great people? 3:10The speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing. 3:11God said to him, Because you have asked this thing, and have not asked for yourself long life, neither have asked riches for yourself, nor have asked the life of your enemies, but have asked for yourself understanding to discern justice; 3:12behold, I have done according to your word: behold, I have given you a wise and an understanding heart; so that there has been none like you before you, neither after you shall any arise like you. 3:13I have also given you that which you have not asked, both riches and honor, so that there shall not be any among the kings like you, all your days. 3:14If you will walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as your father David did walk, then I will lengthen your days. 3:15Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream: and he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace-offerings, and made a feast to all his servants.

Wisdom and understanding to discern justice are essential qualities of a good judge of Yahweh's people. All judges of Yahweh's people should have wisdom and understanding to discern justice that they may properly judge or rule over Yahweh's people, teaching them truth and justice, Yahweh's word.

An Example Of Solomon's Wisdom To Discern Justice

1 Kings 3:16-28 reads,

3:16Then there came two women who were prostitutes, to the king, and stood before him. 3:17The one woman said, Oh, my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. 3:18It happened the third day after I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also; and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house. 3:19This woman’s child died in the night, because she lay on it. 3:20She arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while your handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom. 3:21When I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead; but when I had looked at it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, whom I bore. 3:22The other woman said, No; but the living is my son, and the dead is your son. This said, No; but the dead is your son, and the living is my son. Thus they spoke before the king.

3:23Then said the king, The one says, This is my son who lives, and your son is the dead: and the other says, No; but your son is the dead, and my son is the living. 3:24The king said, Get me a sword. They brought a sword before the king. 3:25The king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other. 3:26Then spoke the woman whose the living child was to the king, for her heart yearned over her son, and she said, Oh, my lord, give her the living child, and in no way kill it. But the other said, It shall be neither mine nor yours; divide it. 3:27Then the king answered, Give her the living child, and in no way kill it: she is the mother of it. 3:28All Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice.

Yahweh Condemns The Wicked And Justifies The Righteous

1 Kings 8:31-32 reads,

8:31If a man sin against his neighbor, and an oath be laid on him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before your altar in this house; 8:32then hear you in heaven, and do, and judge your servants, condemning the wicked, to bring his way on his own head, and justifying the righteous, to give him according to his righteousness.

Yahweh's Judgements Are In All The Earth

1 Chronicles 16:7-36 reads,

16:7Then on that day David first ordained to give thanks to Yahweh, by the hand of Asaph and his brothers.

16:8Oh give thanks to Yahweh, call on his name;

Make known his doings among the peoples.

16:9Sing to him, sing praises to him;

Talk you of all his marvelous works.

16:10Glory you in his holy name;

Let the heart of them rejoice who seek Yahweh.

16:11Seek you Yahweh and his strength;

Seek his face forever more.

16:12Remember his marvelous works that he has done,

His wonders, and the judgments of his mouth,

16:13You seed of Israel his servant,

You children of Jacob, his chosen ones.

16:14He is Yahweh our God;

His judgments are in all the earth.

16:15Remember his covenant forever,

The word which he commanded to a thousand generations,

16:16The covenant which he made with Abraham,

His oath to Isaac,

16:17Confirmed the same to Jacob for a statute,

To Israel for an everlasting covenant,

16:18Saying, To you will I give the land of Canaan,

The lot of your inheritance;

16:19When you were but a few men in number,

Yes, very few, and sojourners in it;

16:20They went about from nation to nation,

From one kingdom to another people.

16:21He allowed no man to do them wrong;

Yes, he reproved kings for their sakes,

16:22Saying, Don’t touch my anointed ones,

Do my prophets no harm.

16:23Sing to Yahweh, all the earth;

Show forth his salvation from day to day.

16:24Declare his glory among the nations,

His marvelous works among all the peoples.

16:25For great is Yahweh, and greatly to be praised:

He also is to be feared above all gods.

16:26For all the gods of the peoples are idols:

But Yahweh made the heavens.

16:27Honor and majesty are before him:

Strength and gladness are in his place.

16:28Ascribe to Yahweh, you relatives of the peoples,

Ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength;

16:29Ascribe to Yahweh the glory due to his name:

Bring an offering, and come before him:

Worship Yahweh in holy array.

16:30Tremble before him, all the earth:

The world also is established that it can’t be moved.

16:31Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice;

Let them say among the nations, Yahweh reigns.

16:32Let the sea roar, and the fullness of it;

Let the field exult, and all that is therein;

16:33Then shall the trees of the wood sing for joy before Yahweh;

For he comes to judge the earth.

16:34Oh give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good;

For his lovingkindness endures forever.

16:35Say you, Save us, God of our salvation,

Gather us together and deliver us from the nations,

To give thanks to your holy name,

To triumph in your praise.

16:36Blessed be Yahweh, the God of Israel,

From everlasting even to everlasting.

All the people said, Amen, and praised Yahweh.


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