Repentance Is A Change Of Mind
Exodus 32:7-14 reads,
32:7
Yahweh spoke to Moses, "Go, get down; for your people, who you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves! 32:8They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a molten calf, and have worshiped it, and have sacrificed to it, and said, ‘These are your gods, Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’"32:9
Yahweh said to Moses, "I have seen these people, and, behold, they are a stiff-necked people. 32:10Now therefore leave me alone, that my wrath may burn hot against them, and that I may consume them; and I will make of you a great nation."32:11
Moses begged Yahweh his God, and said, "Yahweh, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, that you have brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand? 32:12Why should the Egyptians speak, saying, ‘He brought them forth for evil, to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the surface of the earth?’ Turn from your fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against your people. 32:13Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you swore by your own self, and said to them, ‘I will multiply your seed as the stars of the sky, and all this land that I have spoken of I will give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.’"32:14
Yahweh repented of the evil which he said he would do to his people.The evil Yahweh thought to do to Israel was to consume them from the surface of the earth. That Yahweh repented of this evil he thought to do to his people means that Yahweh changed his mind from consuming them from the surface of the earth. Repentance is therefore a change of mind.
Yahweh, Unlike Humans, Is Not Liable To Changes Of Mind
Numbers 23:15-24 reads,
23:15
He said to Balak, Stand here by your burnt offering, while I meet Yahweh yonder. 23:16Yahweh met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth, and said, Return to Balak, and thus shall you speak. 23:17He came to him, and, behold, he was standing by his burnt offering, and the princes of Moab with him. Balak said to him, What has Yahweh spoken? 23:18He took up his parable, and said,Rise up, Balak, and hear;
Listen to me, you son of Zippor:
23:19
God is not a man, that he should lie,Neither the son of man, that he should repent:
Has he said, and will he not do it?
Or has he spoken, and will he not make it good?
23:20
Behold, I have received commandment to bless:He has blessed, and I can’t reverse it.
23:21
He has not seen iniquity in Jacob;Neither has he seen perverseness in Israel:
Yahweh his God is with him,
The shout of a king is among them.
23:22
God brings them forth out of Egypt;He has as it were the strength of the wild-ox.
23:23
Surely there is no enchantment with Jacob;Neither is there any divination with Israel:
Now shall it be said of Jacob and of Israel,
What has God done!
23:24
Behold, the people rise up as a lioness,As a lion does he lift himself up:
He shall not lie down until he eats of the prey,
Drinks the blood of the slain.
23:19 shows that the Almighty is not like human beings liable to changes of mind once he has set his mind to a particular purpose. In this we learn that human beings, despite setting their minds to a particular purpose, can and do change their minds from such purposes. Human beings therefore have a capability of changing their minds.
Repentance Includes Sorrow Or Sadness As A Result Of Particular Actions
Judges 2:11-23 reads,
2:11
The children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, and served the Baals; 2:12and they forsook Yahweh, the God of their fathers, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the gods of the peoples who were round about them, and bowed themselves down to them: and they provoked Yahweh to anger. 2:13They forsook Yahweh, and served Baal and the Ashtaroth. 2:14The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers who despoiled them; and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies. 2:15Wherever they went out, the hand of Yahweh was against them for evil, as Yahweh had spoken, and as Yahweh had sworn to them: and they were sore distressed. 2:16Yahweh raised up judges, who saved them out of the hand of those who despoiled them. 2:17Yet they didn’t listen to their judges; for they played the prostitute after other gods, and bowed themselves down to them: they turned aside quickly out of the way in which their fathers walked, obeying the commandments of Yahweh; but they didn’t do so. 2:18When Yahweh raised them up judges, then Yahweh was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge: for it repented Yahweh because of their groaning by reason of those who oppressed them and vexed them. 2:19But it happened, when the judge was dead, that they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down to them; they didn’t cease from their doings, nor from their stubborn way. 2:20The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel; and he said, Because this nation have transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and have not listened to my voice; 2:21I also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations that Joshua left when he died; 2:22that by them I may prove Israel, whether they will keep the way of Yahweh to walk therein, as their fathers did keep it, or not. 2:23So Yahweh left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered he them into the hand of Joshua.The use of "repented Yahweh" in 2:18 suggests that Yahweh was saddened or sorrowed by the groanings of Israel on account of their oppression and vexation at the hands of others. This implies that there is a sense in which repentance means sorrow or sadness as a result of a particular course of events or actions.
Israel Was Sorry That Benjamin Was Virtually Wiped Out As A Tribe
Judges 21:1-6 reads,
21:1
Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying, There shall not any of us give his daughter to Benjamin as wife. 21:2The people came to Bethel, and sat there until evening before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore. 21:3They said, Yahweh, the God of Israel, why has this happened in Israel, that there should be today one tribe lacking in Israel? 21:4It happened on the next day that the people rose early, and built there an altar, and offered burnt offerings and peace-offerings. 21:5The children of Israel said, Who is there among all the tribes of Israel who didn’t come up in the assembly to Yahweh? For they had made a great oath concerning him who didn’t come up to Yahweh to Mizpah, saying, He shall surely be put to death. 21:6The children of Israel repented them for Benjamin their brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off from Israel this day.21:6 shows that the children of Israel were sad and sorry for Benjamin their brother, in that Benjamin had been virtually wiped out of Israel as a tribe. As seen in 2:18, the usage of "repented them" in 21:6 shows that there is a sense in which repentance means sorrow or sadness as a result of a particular course of events or actions.
Yahweh Was Sorry For Having Made Saul King Over Israel
1 Samuel 15:10-11 reads,
15:10
Then came the word of Yahweh to Samuel, saying, 15:11It repents me that I have set up Saul to be king; for he is turned back from following me, and has not performed my commandments. Samuel was angry; and he cried to Yahweh all night.Yahweh was sad and sorry for having made Saul king of Israel, seeing that Saul rebelled against Yahweh.
The Strength Of Israel Is Not Liable To Changes Of Mind
1 Samuel 15:27-29 reads,
15:27
As Samuel turned about to go away, Saul laid hold on the skirt of his robe, and it tore. 15:28Samuel said to him, Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel from you this day, and has given it to a neighbor of yours who is better than you. 15:29Also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent; for he is not a man, that he should repent.Samuel here reminded Saul of the words Yahweh put in Balaam's mouth as Balaam spoke in Balak's hearing, as earlier seen in Numbers 23:19. Once Yahweh has set his mind to do something he does not change his mind. He is not like human beings who are liable to changes of mind, even after having set their minds to do particular things.
Yahweh Sorry For Having Made Saul King Over Israel
1 Samuel 15:34-35 reads,
15:34
Then Samuel went to Ramah; and Saul went up to his house to Gibeah of Saul. 15:35Samuel came no more to see Saul until the day of his death; for Samuel mourned for Saul: and Yahweh repented that he had made Saul king over Israel.Yahweh Changed His Mind Over Jerusalem's Destruction
2 Samuel 24:11-16 reads,
24:11
When David rose up in the morning, the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying, 24:12Go and speak to David, Thus says Yahweh, I offer you three things: choose you one of them, that I may do it to you. 24:13So Gad came to David, and told him, and said to him, Shall seven years of famine come to you in your land? Or will you flee three months before your foes while they pursue you? Or shall there be three days’ pestilence in your land? Now advise you, and consider what answer I shall return to him who sent me. 24:14David said to Gad, I am in a great strait: let us fall now into the hand of Yahweh; for his mercies are great; and let me not fall into the hand of man. 24:15So Yahweh sent a pestilence on Israel from the morning even to the time appointed; and there died of the people from Dan even to Beersheba seventy thousand men. 24:16When the angel stretched out his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, Yahweh repented him of the evil, and said to the angel who destroyed the people, It is enough; now stay your hand. The angel of Yahweh was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.24:16 shows that Yahweh changed his mind with respect to destroying Jerusalem. In this case the sorrow or sadness Yahweh felt at the destruction of the people of Israel led to his changing his mind with respect to the degree of destruction of the people of Israel.
1 Kings 8:46-54 reads,
8:46
If they sin against you (for there is no man who doesn’t sin), and you are angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captive to the land of the enemy, far off or near; 8:47yet if they shall repent themselves in the land where they are carried captive, and turn again, and make supplication to you in the land of those who carried them captive, saying, We have sinned, and have done perversely, we have dealt wickedly; 8:48if they return to you with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their enemies, who carried them captive, and pray to you toward their land, which you gave to their fathers, the city which you have chosen, and the house which I have built for your name: 8:49then hear you their prayer and their supplication in heaven, your dwelling-place, and maintain their cause; 8:50and forgive your people who have sinned against you, and all their transgressions in which they have transgressed against you; and give them compassion before those who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them 8:51(for they are your people, and your inheritance, which you brought forth out of Egypt, from the midst of the furnace of iron); 8:52that your eyes may be open to the supplication of your servant, and to the supplication of your people Israel, to listen to them whenever they cry to you. 8:53For you did separate them from among all the peoples of the earth, to be your inheritance, as you spoke by Moses your servant, when you brought our fathers out of Egypt, Lord Yahweh. 8:54It was so, that when Solomon had made an end of praying all this prayer and supplication to Yahweh, he arose from before the altar of Yahweh, from kneeling on his knees with his hands spread forth toward heaven.Solomon explains, in 8:47-48, how human being ought to repent of sin. Repentance involves feeling sorry or sad about one's sin. Repentance involves turning from the way of sin to the way of righteousness. Repentance involves making supplication to Yahweh by acknowledging and confessing one's sin. Repentance also involves a change of heart, for it involves returning back to Yahweh both in heart and soul, implying that one's heart and soul had departed from Yahweh.
Solomon requested, in 8:49-50, that Yahweh hears in heaven the prayer or supplication of repentance from his people, and forgive them their sin against Yahweh.
1 Kings 9:1-9 reads,
9:1
It happened, when Solomon had finished the building of the house of Yahweh, and the king’s house, and all Solomon’s desire which he was pleased to do, 9:2that Yahweh appeared to Solomon the second time, as he had appeared to him at Gibeon. 9:3Yahweh said to him, I have heard your prayer and your supplication, that you have made before me: I have made this house holy, which you have built, to put my name there forever; and my eyes and my heart shall be there perpetually. 9:4As for you, if you will walk before me, as David your father walked, in integrity of heart, and in uprightness, to do according to all that I have commanded you, and will keep my statutes and my ordinances; 9:5then I will establish the throne of your kingdom over Israel forever, according as I promised to David your father, saying, There shall not fail you a man on the throne of Israel. 9:6But if you shall turn away from following me, you or your children, and not keep my commandments and my statutes which I have set before you, but shall go and serve other gods, and worship them; 9:7then will I cut off Israel out of the land which I have given them; and this house, which I have made holy for my name, will I cast out of my sight; and Israel shall be a proverb and a byword among all peoples. 9:8Though this house is so high, yet shall everyone who passes by it be astonished, and shall hiss; and they shall say, Why has Yahweh done thus to this land, and to this house? 9:9and they shall answer, Because they forsook Yahweh their God, who brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and laid hold on other gods, and worshiped them, and served them: therefore has Yahweh brought all this evil on them.9:3 shows that Yahweh heard Solomon's prayer and supplication. Therefore when Yahweh hears the prayers and supplications of repentance from his people, when they have repented of their sins, both in their heart and by their actions, Yahweh forgives their sins.
Yahweh shows, in 9:4, the manner we ought to walk before him: in integrity of heart and in uprightness, doing all that he commands us, including his statutes and ordinances.
Job 42:1-6 reads,
42:1
Then Job answered Yahweh,42:2
"I know that you can do all things,42:3
You asked, ‘Who is this who hides counsel without knowledge?’42:4
You said, ‘Listen, now, and I will speak;42:5
I had heard of you by the hearing of the ear,42:6
Therefore I abhor myself,42:3 shows that Job acknowledged his sin of hiding counsel without knowledge, in that he uttered what he did not understand, things surpassing his comprehension and knowledge.
42:5 shows that Job now saw Yahweh more clearly than he previously had, seeing him with a perception that he hitherto did not have.
It is evident that his encounter with Yahweh taught him a lot of things, including humility.
Job's repentance involved both acknowledging and confessing his sin before Yahweh, and also changing his heart from its deficient state before Yahweh to one that was more upright before Yahweh. And a lowly and humble heart is more upright before Yahweh than an uplifted and proud one.
Circumstances In Which Yahweh Changes His Mind
Jeremiah 18:1-12 reads,
18:1
The word which came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying, 18:2Arise, and go down to the potter’s house, and there I will cause you to hear my words. 18:3Then I went down to the potter’s house, and, behold, he was making a work on the wheels. 18:4When the vessel that he made of the clay was marred in the hand of the potter, he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it. 18:5Then the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, 18:6House of Israel, can’t I do with you as this potter? Says Yahweh. Behold, as the clay in the potter’s hand, so are you in my hand, house of Israel. 18:7At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up and to break down and to destroy it; 18:8if that nation, concerning which I have spoken, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do to them. 18:9At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it; 18:10if they do that which is evil in my sight, that they not obey my voice, then I will repent of the good, with which I said I would benefit them. 18:11Now therefore, speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, Thus says Yahweh: Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you: return you now everyone from his evil way, and amend your ways and your doings. 18:12But they say, It is in vain; for we will walk after our own devices, and we will do everyone after the stubbornness of his evil heart.Yahweh's Mercy And Righteous Judgement
18:7-10 explains the circumstances in which Yahweh changes his mind with respect to what he says he is going to do. These circumstances manifest both Yahweh's mercy and righteous judgement. For when a sinner repents of his sins, Yahweh shows his mercy to that repentant sinner and forgives the sinner the sins committed. He also spares that repentant sinner the ultimate penalty of death that was incurred as a result of the sins committed. And when a righteous man abandons righteousness and turns to sin, Yahweh shows his righteous judgement by executing due penalty for the sins the formerly righteous man persists in, even though the man was promised life while walking in the way of righteousness.
Yahweh's Promises To Humans Are Conditioned On Their Behaviour
It therefore appears that the promises Yahweh gives to humans are conditioned on whether they persist in righteousness or wickedness. For when Yahweh promises good on account of one walking in righteousness, that promise is conditioned on the person remaining in the way of righteousness. But when the person abandons righteousness and does wickedness then the promise no longer holds, and the penalty for the wickedness committed becomes due. Likewise, when Yahweh promises evil on account of one walking in wickedness, that promise is conditioned on the person not repenting of his wickedness. But if the person repents of his wickedness and does righteousness then the promise for evil no longer holds, and the reward for righteousness is given the person.
It Is Evil To Act According To Our Devices
18:11-12 shows that when humans are doing things according to their own devices they are walking in evil. We should therefore do things according to Yahweh's ways, for it is by so doing that we walk in righteousness. Also, when Yahweh tells us to amend our ways and doings, he is telling us to depart from our actions based on our evil and stubborn hearts. Implying that we must have a change of heart to one that willingly submits to him, and thereby order our ways in righteous submission to Yahweh.
Yahweh Does Not Effect A Pronounced Punishment When Humans Repent Of Their Evil
Jeremiah 26:1-6 reads,
26:1
In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, came this word from Yahweh, saying, 26:2Thus says Yahweh: Stand in the court of Yahweh’s house, and speak to all the cities of Judah, which come to worship in Yahweh’s house, all the words that I command you to speak to them; don’t diminish a word. 26:3It may be they will listen, and turn every man from his evil way; that I may repent me of the evil which I purpose to do to them because of the evil of their doings. 26:4You shall tell them, Thus says Yahweh: If you will not listen to me, to walk in my law, which I have set before you, 26:5to listen to the words of my servants the prophets, whom I send to you, even rising up early and sending them, but you have not listened; 26:6then will I make this house like Shiloh, and will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth.Jeremiah 26:12-19 reads,
26:12
Then spoke Jeremiah to all the princes and to all the people, saying, Yahweh sent me to prophesy against this house and against this city all the words that you have heard. 26:13Now therefore amend your ways and your doings, and obey the voice of Yahweh your God; and Yahweh will repent him of the evil that he has pronounced against you. 26:14But as for me, behold, I am in your hand: do with me as is good and right in your eyes. 26:15Only know for certain that, if you put me to death, you will bring innocent blood on yourselves, and on this city, and on the inhabitants of it; for of a truth Yahweh has sent me to you to speak all these words in your ears. 26:16Then said the princes and all the people to the priests and to the prophets: This man is not worthy of death; for he has spoken to us in the name of Yahweh our God. 26:17Then rose up certain of the elders of the land, and spoke to all the assembly of the people, saying, 26:18Micah the Morashtite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah; and he spoke to all the people of Judah, saying, Thus says Yahweh of Hosts: Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest. 26:19Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all Judah put him to death? Didn’t he fear Yahweh, and entreat the favor of Yahweh, and Yahweh repented him of the evil which he had pronounced against them? Thus should we commit great evil against our own souls.Yahweh Spared Nineveh Of Pronounced Evil When Nineveh Repented
Jonah 3:1-10 reads,
3:1
The word of Yahweh came to Jonah the second time, saying, 3:2"Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and preach to it the message that I give you."3:3
So Jonah arose, and went to Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, three days’ journey across. 3:4Jonah began to enter into the city a day’s journey, and he cried out, and said, "Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!"3:5
The people of Nineveh believed God; and they proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them. 3:6The news reached the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and took off his royal robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. 3:7He made a proclamation and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, "Let neither man nor animal, herd nor flock, taste anything; let them not feed, nor drink water; 3:8but let them be covered with sackcloth, both man and animal, and let them cry mightily to God. Yes, let them turn everyone from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands. 3:9Who knows whether God will not turn and repent, and turn away from his fierce anger, so that we might not perish?"3:10
God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way. God repented of the evil which he said he would do to them, and he didn’t do it.The king of Nineveh understood Yahweh's nature, and the conditional nature of his pronouncements for good or evil upon a particular people on account of their behaviour. For he realised that Yahweh was likely to repent of the evil that he had purposed upon Nineveh if Nineveh truly repented of its evil, both in heart and by its actions. And when Nineveh truly repented Yahweh spared it of the evil that he had spoken against it.
Yahweh's Pronouncements To Do One Good Valid Only When One Remains In Righteousness
Zechariah 8:14-17 reads,
8:14
For thus says Yahweh of hosts: "As I thought to do evil to you, when your fathers provoked me to wrath," says Yahweh of Hosts, "and I didn’t repent; 8:15so again have I thought in these days to do good to Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. Don’t be afraid. 8:16These are the things that you shall do: speak every man the truth with his neighbor. Execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates, 8:17and let none of you devise evil in your hearts against his neighbor, and love no false oath: for all these are things that I hate," says Yahweh.Yahweh again demonstrates the conditional nature of his pronouncements of good or evil upon a people. For those pronouncements to come to pass the people must continue living in the manner of life consistent with those pronouncements, such that an evil pronouncement is fulfilled only if the people against whom it was spoken persist in evil. And a good pronouncement is fulfilled only if the people for whom it is spoken do righteousness, such as Yahweh outlined in 8:16-17.
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