Why Did The Apostles Remain In Jerusalem During The Persecution After Stephen's Death?

Acts 7:57-8:4 reads,

7:57But they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and rushed at him with one accord. 7:58They threw him out of the city, and stoned him. The witnesses placed their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul. 7:59They stoned Stephen as he called out, saying, "Lord Jesus, receive my Spirit!" 7:60He kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, "Lord, don’t hold this sin against them!" When he had said this, he fell asleep.

8:1Saul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the apostles. 8:2Devout men buried Stephen, and lamented greatly over him. 8:3But Saul ravaged the assembly, entering into every house, and dragged both men and women off to prison. 8:4Therefore those who were scattered abroad went around preaching the word.

Why did the apostles remain in Jerusalem while the rest of the assembly was scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria?

 

The Holy Spirit Was Given Through The Laying On Of The Apostles’ Hands

Acts 8:14-24 reads,

8:14Now when the apostles who were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them, 8:15who, when they had come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Spirit; 8:16for as yet he had fallen on none of them. They had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus. 8:17Then they laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit. 8:18Now when Simon saw that the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands, he offered them money, 8:19saying, "Give me also this power, that whoever I lay my hands on may receive the Holy Spirit." 8:20But Peter said to him, "May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could obtain the gift of God with money! 8:21You have neither part nor lot in this matter, for your heart isn’t right before God. 8:22Repent therefore of this, your wickedness, and ask God if perhaps the thought of your heart may be forgiven you. 8:23For I see that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bondage of iniquity."

8:24Simon answered, "Pray for me to the Lord, that none of the things which you have spoken come on me."

Philip had been to Samaria, preached the word and through his hands many mighty sons and wonders had been done, including the casting out of unclean spirits and healing of the sick. Nevertheless, Philip wasn't an apostle and did not lay hands upon those who received the word for the purpose of their receiving the Holy Spirit. This was an activity reserved for those to whom it was entrusted, such as apostles. It is therefore an apostolic duty to lay hands upon those who receive the word of Yah'shuah that they may receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

 

Those To Serve Yahweh Should Have Upright Hearts

It should also be noted that rightness of a person's heart is very important in the determination of their suitability for service to Yahweh, especially in high office. Simon's heart wasn't right, and therefore he was rejected. Those who were accepted were those whose hearts were right before Yahweh.

 

The Apostles' Intervention In Jerusalem Allowed Saul To Fellowship With The Brethren Therein

Acts 9:10-31 reads,

9:10Now there was a certain disciple at Damascus named Ananias. The Lord said to him in a vision, "Ananias!"

He said, "Behold, it’s me, Lord."

9:11The Lord said to him, "Arise, and go to the street which is called Straight, and inquire in the house of Judas for one named Saul, a man of Tarsus. For behold, he is praying, 9:12and in a vision he has seen a man named Ananias coming in, and laying his hands on him, that he might receive his sight."

9:13But Ananias answered, "Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much evil he did to your saints at Jerusalem. 9:14Here he has authority from the chief priests to bind all who call on your name."

9:15But the Lord said to him, "Go your way, for he is my chosen vessel to bear my name before the nations and kings, and the children of Israel. 9:16For I will show him how many things he must suffer for my name’s sake."

9:17Ananias departed, and entered into the house. Laying his hands on him, he said, "Brother Saul, the Lord, who appeared to you in the way which you came, has sent me, that you may receive your sight, and be filled with the Holy Spirit." 9:18Immediately something like scales fell from his eyes, and he received his sight. He arose and was baptized. 9:19He took food and was strengthened. Saul stayed several days with the disciples who were at Damascus. 9:20Immediately in the synagogues he proclaimed the Christ, that he is the Son of God. 9:21All who heard him were amazed, and said, "Isn’t this he who in Jerusalem made havoc of those who called on this name? And he had come here intending to bring them bound before the chief priests!"

9:22But Saul increased more in strength, and confounded the Jews who lived at Damascus, proving that this is the Christ. 9:23When many days were fulfilled, the Jews conspired together to kill him, 9:24but their plot became known to Saul. They watched the gates both day and night that they might kill him, 9:25but his disciples took him by night, and let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket. 9:26When Saul had come to Jerusalem, he tried to join himself to the disciples. They were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple. 9:27But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and declared to them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how at Damascus he had preached boldly in the name of Jesus. 9:28He was with them going in and going out at Jerusalem, 9:29preaching boldly in the name of the Lord. He spoke and disputed against the Grecian Jews, but they were seeking to kill him. 9:30When the brothers knew it, they brought him down to Caesarea, and sent him out to Tarsus. 9:31So the assemblies throughout all Judea and Galilee and Samaria had peace, and were built up. They were multiplied, walking in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit.

 

Yah'shuah Personally Chose Saul To Be His Servant

There should really be no dispute that Yah'shuah personally chose Saul to be his servant, confirming this to Ananias, one of his disciples in Damascus. It should also be noted that the power and authority to lay hands upon another that the other may receive the Holy Spirit is not given exclusively to apostles. For Yah'shuah indeed gave Ananias this power and authority, yet Ananias is not at all listed as an apostle.

 

Apostles Have A Responsibility To Resolve Difficult Matters Among Yah'shuah's Disciples

When the assembly in Jerusalem was faced with a difficult matter - the genuineness of Saul as a disciple of Yah'shuah - it took the apostles to resolve the matter, for most of the disciples didn't believe that the one who only a short while before was persecuting them to death had completely turned around the joined them. It therefore appears that apostles have indeed a responsibility to resolve difficult matters that come up before the assembly of Yah'shuah.

 

The Apostle Peter Was Taken To Task By Other Disciples When He First Went To The Gentiles

Acts 11:1-18 reads,

11:1Now the apostles and the brothers who were in Judea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. 11:2When Peter had come up to Jerusalem, those who were of the circumcision contended with him, 11:3saying, "You went in to uncircumcised men, and ate with them!"

11:4But Peter began, and explained to them in order, saying, 11:5"I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision: a certain container descending, like it was a great sheet let down from heaven by four corners. It came as far as me, 11:6on which, when I had looked intently, I considered, and saw the four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, creeping things, and birds of the sky. 11:7I also heard a voice saying to me, ‘Rise, Peter, kill and eat!’ 11:8But I said, ‘Not so, Lord, for nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth.’ 11:9But a voice answered me the second time out of heaven, ‘What God has cleansed, don’t you make unholy.’ 11:10This was done three times, and all were drawn up again into heaven. 11:11Behold, immediately three men stood before the house where I was, having been sent from Caesarea to me. 11:12The Spirit told me to go with them, without discriminating. These six brothers also accompanied me, and we entered into the man’s house. 11:13He told us how he had seen the angel standing in his house, and saying to him, ‘Send to Joppa, and get Simon, whose surname is Peter, 11:14who will speak to you words whereby you will be saved, you and all your house.’ 11:15As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on them, even as on us at the beginning. 11:16I remembered the word of the Lord, how he said, ‘John indeed baptized with water, but you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit. 11:17If then God gave to them the same gift as us, when we believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I, that I could withstand God?"

11:18When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, "Then God has also granted to the Gentiles repentance to life!"

 

All Apostles Are To Submit To The Law They Are To Submit To

It should be noted that even though Peter had been the one who was named first of the twelve original apostles he did not have some mysterious authority over his fellows. For when they heard that Peter had behaved in an unusual manner, a manner contrary to their Jewish traditions, they took issue with them and asked him to explain his actions. In other words, they understood that even though Peter was first among equals, he was not superior to the law that should be governing the conduct of all of them. They were all to submit to the law they were to submit to, with none of them exempt from so submitting to it.

 

All Disciples Must Submit To The Authority Of The Spirit

In giving explanation for his actions Peter clearly narrated the events as they took place, clearly informing them that his actions contrary to Jewish tradition were done at the command of none other than the Spirit. And seeing that the Spirit is superior in authority to human tradition, both he and his fellows had to abide by the word of the Spirit. Upon this the Jerusalem brethren, including apostles, submitted to the Spirit and cast aside their Jewish traditions contrary to the word of the Spirit.

But the key point to note is that no apostle is superior to the word of the Spirit. All must abide by the word of Yahweh, even when it is contrary to their own human tradition, even a tradition that is widespread among their people.

 

Paul And Barnabas Were Apostles

Acts 13:48-14:7 reads,

13:48As the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of God. As many as were appointed to eternal life believed. 13:49The Lord’s word was spread abroad throughout all the region. 13:50But the Jews urged on the devout women of honorable estate, and the chief men of the city, and stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out of their borders. 13:51But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came to Iconium. 13:52The disciples were filled with joy with the Holy Spirit.

14:1It happened in Iconium that they entered together into the synagogue of the Jews, and so spoke that a great multitude both of Jews and of Greeks believed. 14:2But the disobedient Jews stirred up and embittered the souls of the Gentiles against the brothers. 14:3Therefore they stayed there a long time, speaking boldly in the Lord, who testified to the word of his grace, granting signs and wonders to be done by their hands. 14:4But the multitude of the city was divided. Part sided with the Jews, and part with the apostles. 14:5When some of both the Gentiles and the Jews, with their rulers, made a violent attempt to insult them and to stone them, 14:6they became aware of it, and fled to the cities of Lycaonia, Lystra, Derbe, and the surrounding region. 14:7There they preached the gospel.

Both Paul and Barnabas were apostles.

 

Barnabas And Paul Were Apostles

Acts 14:8-19 reads,

14:8At Lystra a certain man sat, impotent in his feet, a cripple from his mother’s womb, who never had walked. 14:9He was listening to Paul speaking, who, fastening eyes on him, and seeing that he had faith to be made whole, 14:10said with a loud voice, "Stand upright on your feet!" He leaped up and walked. 14:11When the multitude saw what Paul had done, they lifted up their voice, saying in the language of Lycaonia, "The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men!" 14:12They called Barnabas "Jupiter," and Paul "Mercury," because he was the chief speaker. 14:13The priest of Jupiter, whose temple was in front of their city, brought oxen and garlands to the gates, and would have made a sacrifice with the multitudes. 14:14But when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of it, they tore their clothes, and sprang into the multitude, crying out, 14:15"Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men of like passions with you, and bring you good news, that you should turn from these vain things to the living God, who made the sky and the earth and the sea, and all that is in them; 14:16who in the generations gone by allowed all the nations to walk in their own ways. 14:17Yet he didn’t leave himself without witness, in that he did good and gave you rains from the sky and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness."

14:18Even saying these things, they hardly stopped the multitudes from making a sacrifice to them. 14:19But some Jews from Antioch and Iconium came there, and having persuaded the multitudes, they stoned Paul, and dragged him out of the city, supposing that he was dead.

 

The Apostles And Elders Sat Down To Determine Whether Gentiles Are Required To Observe Circumcision And The Law Of Moses

Acts 15:1-35 reads,

15:1Some men came down from Judea and taught the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can’t be saved." 15:2Therefore when Paul and Barnabas had no small discord and discussion with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas, and some others of them, to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question. 15:3They, being sent on their way by the assembly, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles. They caused great joy to all the brothers. 15:4When they had come to Jerusalem, they were received by the assembly and the apostles and the elders, and they reported all things that God had done with them.

15:5But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them, and to charge them to keep the law of Moses."

15:6The apostles and the elders were gathered together to see about this matter. 15:7When there had been much discussion, Peter rose up and said to them, "Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel, and believe. 15:8God, who knows the heart, testified about them, giving them the Holy Spirit, just like he did to us. 15:9He made no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith. 15:10Now therefore why do you tempt God, that you should put a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? 15:11But we believe that we are saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they are."

15:12All the multitude kept silence, and they listened to Barnabas and Paul reporting what signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them. 15:13After they were silent, James answered, "Brothers, listen to me. 15:14Simeon has reported how God first visited the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. 15:15This agrees with the words of the prophets. As it is written,

15:16‘After these things I will return.
I will again build the tent of David, which has fallen.
I will again build its ruins.

I will set it up,
15:17That the rest of men may seek after the Lord;
All the Gentiles who are called by my name,

Says the Lord, who does all these things.
15:18All his works are known to God from eternity.’

15:19"Therefore my judgment is that we don’t trouble those from among the Gentiles who turn to God, 15:20but that we write to them that they abstain from the pollution of idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood. 15:21For Moses from generations of old has in every city those who preach him, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath."

15:22Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole assembly, to choose men out of their company, and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas: Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, chief men among the brothers. 15:23They wrote these things by their hand:

"The apostles, the elders, and the brothers, to the brothers who are of the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: greetings. 15:24Because we have heard that some who went out from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, ‘You must be circumcised and keep the law,’ to whom we gave no commandment; 15:25it seemed good to us, having come to one accord, to choose out men and send them to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, 15:26men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. 15:27We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who themselves will also tell you the same things by word of mouth. 15:28For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay no greater burden on you than these necessary things: 15:29that you abstain from things sacrificed to idols, from blood, from things strangled, and from sexual immorality, from which if you keep yourselves, it will be well with you. Farewell."

15:30So, when they were sent off, they came to Antioch. Having gathered the multitude together, they delivered the letter. 15:31When they had read it, they rejoiced for the consolation. 15:32Judas and Silas, also being prophets themselves, encouraged the brothers with many words, and strengthened them. 15:33After they had spent some time there, they were sent back with greetings from the brothers to the apostles. 15:34* 15:35But Paul and Barnabas stayed in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

 

Difficult Matters Among Yah'shuah's Disciples Are To Be Determined By Apostles, Elders And Brethren Sitting Together

Again, when a difficult matter arose in a given geographical part of the assembly, and agreement could not be reached on it, it was determined that the matter be settled by being taken to the apostles at Jerusalem for consideration and determination. It should therefore be clear that difficult matters are deliberated upon and determined by apostles, elders and other brethren sitting together for the purpose.

 

Barnabas And Paul Were Recognised By The Jerusalem Brethren As Servants Of Yah'shuah

It is evident that the standing of both Barnabas and Paul was very high with those of the brethren in Jerusalem. For they called these two "our beloved Barnabas and Paul". Barnabas and Paul were clearly recognised as fellow servants of Yah'shuah.

 

What The Jerusalem Meeting Did Not Consider

The key decision that came out of the this meeting was that observing circumcision and the law of Moses is not essential for salvation, for salvation comes by faith in Yah'shuah and not through observing circumcision and the law of Moses. Nevertheless it should be noted what the meeting did not sit down to consider. It did not sit down to consider whether it was necessary for Israelite brethren to continue to observe circumcision and the law of Moses, even though it was not essential for their salvation. The question therefore arises, is it necessary for Israelite believers to continue observing circumcision and the law of Moses even though it is not essential for their salvation, seeing that salvation comes by their believing in Yah'shuah as Yahweh's Anointed One or Messiah?

 

How The Disciples TESTED Peter's Word And Came To Accept It

15:13-18 shows HOW the word that Peter has spoken was accepted by the meeting of apostles, elders and other brethren. Peter's words were accepted because they were in harmony with Yahweh's written word - the prophets in this case. In other words, Peter's words were not accepted because Peter was somehow a more special apostle than the other apostles. No! His words were accepted because they agreed with Yahweh's already revealed word. In other words, the basis for determining the correctness or not of any word, especially in a difficult matter, is whether it agrees with Yahweh's already revealed word. When a word agrees with that of Yahweh's it is accepted. But when it does not agree with Yahweh's word, even when uttered by a most esteemed apostle, it is not accepted. For Yahweh's word is supreme and ought to be the basis of our lives.

 

Apostolic Decrees Were Delivered To Yah'shuah's Disciples

Acts 16:1-5 reads,

16:1He came to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timothy, the son of a Jewess who believed; but his father was a Greek. 16:2The brothers who were at Lystra and Iconium gave a good testimony about him. 16:3Paul wanted to have him go out with him, and he took and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those parts; for they all knew that his father was a Greek. 16:4As they went on their way through the cities, they delivered the decrees to them to keep which had been ordained by the apostles and elders who were at Jerusalem. 16:5So the assemblies were strengthened in the faith, and increased in number daily.

Why did Paul circumcise Timothy yet he believed that it wasn't necessary for a person to be circumcised in order for that person to be saved? 16:3 says that he did it "because of the Jews who were in those parts". The implication being that the Jews wouldn't have received any word Timothy spoke on the grounds that he hadn't been circumcised, and therefore it was necessary to circumcise him to allow the Jews to give him a hearing.

 

All Of Yah'shuah's Assemblies Should Walk Together In Harmony

It is noted that the assemblies of Yah'shuah were expected to observe the decrees that had been arrived at by the apostles and elders at Jerusalem. In other words, once a difficult matter has been deliberated upon and determined all in Yah'shuah's assembly should abide by the determined word, and walk together in harmony.

 

Summation On Apostolic Works

From the above examination of writings pertaining to apostles it is observed that they are chosen from among the number of Yah'shuah's disciples. They are given power and authority to both preach the gospel of the kingdom of Yahweh and to cast out unclean spirits and to heal the sick. They are also given authority to lay hands upon believers, praying that these believers be given the gift of the Holy Spirit. They also have oversight over the assembly of Yah'shuah, ensuring that various practices within it are in harmony with Yahweh's word. They are to focus their time more on prayer and the ministry of the word, than attending to various physical duties. Nevertheless, they retain overall responsibility over these physical duties. To ensure that these are done they appoint those of the assembly to perform these physical duties, appointing to such positions people whose hearts are right before Yahweh. When difficult matters arise in the assembly, especially concerning teachings and practices, apostles, together with elders and other brethren, sit down collectively to deliberate upon such matters and determine such matters according to leading of the Holy Spirit as confirmed by Yahweh's revealed word. The word of an apostle is not superior to that of Yahweh's revealed word, and can only be accepted as ruling for all when it has been subjected to the scrutiny of Yahweh's word and found to be in agreement with it. When it is not in agreement with Yahweh's word it is not accepted, for it is Yahweh's word that his people are to live by, not contrary words of errant servants of his.

It is also the case that apostles are not above being taken to task over any conduct of theirs. When they undertake conduct that appears to be out of harmony with accepted practice, they must justify that conduct before the assembly, doing so using Yahweh's revealed word, rather than their own opinion. This is because it is Yahweh's word that forms the basis of our lives and not the opinion of human beings. And when the word of humans is different or contrary to that of Yahweh's, even when the humans giving that word are in authority, even when they are apostles, Yahweh's people are not to comply with such words. Yahweh's people are to obey Yahweh rather than men. It is therefore imperative that Yahweh's people be thoroughly acquainted with his word that they may be able to verify whether a word they receive from a human being is in harmony with his word or not. When it is it should be abided by. But when it is not Yahweh's people must steadfastly obey Yahweh rather than men, and pay whatever consequences at the hands of the men whom they disobey on account of obeying Yahweh.

 


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© 2000, Isaac Aluochier, All rights reserved. Published by Servants of Yahweh, P O Box 44848, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. E-mail: servantsofyahweh@serveyahweh.org. Permission is hereby GRANTED to reproduce this and other publications in the Servants of Yahweh web site, http://www.serveyahweh.org, unless otherwise stated.